We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i https://brightwomen.net/tr/salvador-kadin/.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table cuatro Relationship anywhere between dowry/fiance rates (paid off by the inside-legislation away from siblings, other people regarding the town and you will neighborhood) and wife’s standing regarding relationship home (OLS)
Inside determining this new women’s standing in the relationship home, the result of your online dowry (dowry minus bride-to-be price) may matter. Keep in mind that the degree of deferred mehr is included individually off the online dowry once the former is never reduced unless breakup happens and should not meet the requirements assets delivered with the relationship. The outcomes suggest that the fresh property lead into ount) augment their own decision-and make power and you can independence. This type of self-confident connectivity aren’t alarming as the the new connections of bride price paid off in the course of matrimony work on avoid to help you the ones from dowry in the main estimations.
Maybe, a greater many years or knowledge difference you will deteriorate new wife’s standing throughout the marital household. Including many years distinction plus knowledge difference (replacing the fresh partner’s ages and you can education) will not impact the fundamental consequences, additionally the coefficients of them details aren’t high (Appendix Dining table 9, Panel B).
One might believe the number of many years just like the relationships try important because the result out of dowry (otherwise bride to be price) would-be deeper following relationships. Including decades as ount of dowry (replacing woman’s many years from the relationships) magnifies the beds base effect of dowry during the ladies independency however, decreases its magnitude plus the value height inside the ladies’ decision making (Appendix Dining table nine, Committee C). Meaning one a much bigger dowry advances the wife’s liberty during the the fresh marital domestic immediately after relationship; but not, the organization is not significantly influenced by brand new passage of age given that relationships.
No way of measuring gender ideology is roofed in the primary quote on account of endogeneity issues. That you are going to believe introduction of these steps could possibly get weaken the new organization ranging from dowry and you can ladies condition on the relationship domestic. While we try not to deny the possibility that needs and ideological opinions regarding gender interactions are not built-in and change across the marital lifestyle, the fresh estimation processes are repeated because of the in addition to two tips to possess child preference: the first changeable equals one to when the wife’s greatest number of sons try greater than regarding daughters together with 2nd equals one in the event that wife wants to bring higher education to sons in lieu of to daughters. Managing having gender ideology cannot dramatically impact the fundamental estimation performance (Appendix Desk nine, Panel D). Interestingly, women’s decision making was definitely from the child preference. However, it is adversely associated with the liking getting providing higher education to sons as compared with daughters. A possible translation is the fact highly educated female could be facing gender inequality within the studies and start to become so much more empowered from the marital home however, like which have far more sons than just daughters. That it looks in keeping with certain present training showing that young buck preference is far more commonplace certainly very knowledgeable women in place of ignorant feminine for the Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).
